The Hebrew alphabet has 23 letters (understanding שׂ and שׁ as different letters).

1. Each of these letters is a consonant. Ancient Hebrew was written without vowels.
2. Hebrew is written (and read) from right to left.
3. There are no capital letters.
4. Each letter stands alone.

There are 4 important groupings of consonants

1. the letters that take a different form when they end a word
2. the "beged kefet" letters
3. the gutteral letters
4. the sibilants

5 letters will take a special ( סופית ) form when they occur at the end of a word.

kaf כ || final kaf ך
mem מ || final mem ם
nun נ || final nun ן
peh פ || final peh ף
tsade צ || final tsade ץ

BeGeD KeFeT: בגד כפת
--- these letters can take a dagesh lene when they begin a word or a syllable.
--- The presence of a dagesh will change the sound of three of these letters (according to modern hebrew pronunciation)
--- with a dagesh the sound is hard, without it the sound is soft.

בּ = b ב= v
כּ = k כ = ch
פּ = p פ = f

--- These will always be given a hard sound:

גּ ג = g
דּ ד = d
תּ ת = t

Learn more about the dagesh here

5 letters are classified as gutterals due to their original pronunciations being somewhere in the back of the throat.

aleph א
heh ה
chet ח
ayin ע
resh ר

Sibilants:
--- These letters all have "s" sounds

shin "sh" שׁ
sin "s" שׂ
tsade "ts" צ
samech "s" ס
zayin "z" ז

Watch out for the look - alike letters.
--- be sure you can name all of these as well as tell them apart.

ק ע ץ צ ף
ת ה ח
כ פ ב
ד ר י ו ז ן ך
ס ם